These 3 currents—Kalam, philosophy, and Sufism—share the same metaphysical resource: platonic dualism, or what Akhtar calls the “Graeco-Arab philosophy.” The moutakalimoune are Platonists who are unaware of it; the philosophers are Platonists who claim to become so; and finally, the Sufis pushed Platonism for the condition of alienation.Tru